Description

Androstenedione is a steroid hormone produced mainly by the adrenal glands, ovaries (in women), and testes (in men). It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of testosterone, estrone, and estradiol, making it a central player in both male and female hormone pathways. Although androstenedione itself has mild androgenic (male hormone-like) activity, its primary role is to act as a precursor for stronger sex hormones that regulate reproductive health, metabolism, and body composition.

Testing androstenedione is useful for evaluating:

  • Adrenal gland function and overproduction of androgens
  • Ovarian or testicular hormone activity
  • Causes of androgen excess such as hirsutism, acne, or menstrual irregularities in women
  • Delayed or precocious puberty in children
  • Hormonal balance in suspected endocrine disorders

High levels may indicate:

  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – a common cause of elevated androgens in women, often linked with irregular cycles and infertility
  • Adrenal tumors or adrenal hyperplasia – abnormal adrenal gland growth or overactivity
  • Ovarian tumors – particularly those that produce androgens
  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – an inherited enzyme deficiency affecting steroid production pathways

Low levels may indicate:

  • Adrenal insufficiency – reduced hormone output from the adrenal glands
  • Hypopituitarism – underactive pituitary gland affecting hormone regulation
  • Enzyme deficiencies that impair androgen synthesis

Wellness connection:

Because androstenedione feeds directly into both testosterone and estrogen production, imbalances can disrupt multiple body systems. Elevated levels may contribute to excess hair growth, acne, scalp hair thinning, menstrual cycle disruption, mood changes, and reduced fertility in women, while low levels may be associated with low libido, muscle loss, fatigue, and bone density decline in both sexes. Optimal androstenedione levels support healthy reproductive function, stable mood, efficient metabolism, muscle maintenance, and strong bones.

Fasting not required