Description
A Mononucleosis Blood Test detects whether a person has an active or recent infection with the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), which causes infectious mononucleosis (“mono”). The qualitative test determines presence or absence of antibodies or antigens related to EBV.
Purpose of the Test
- Diagnose mono: Confirms if current symptoms are caused by EBV.
- Differentiate from other illnesses: Helps distinguish mono from strep throat, influenza, or other viral infections.
- Monitor infection status: Assists healthcare providers in managing complications or prolonged illness.
What the Test Measures
- Heterophile antibodies: These antibodies appear in response to EBV infection and are commonly used in rapid mono tests.
- EBV-specific antibodies (optional): IgM (recent infection) and IgG (past infection) may be assessed in some labs.
Symptoms Suggesting Mono
- Fatigue and weakness
- Fever
- Sore throat
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Enlarged spleen
- Headache
- Muscle aches
Test Details
- Sample: Blood
- Preparation: Fasting not required
- Interpretation:
- Positive result: Indicates current or recent EBV infection.
- Negative result: Suggests no EBV infection or testing performed too early in the course of illness.
This test is commonly ordered for patients with persistent sore throat, fever, or unexplained fatigue, particularly in teenagers and young adults, to confirm mononucleosis and guide appropriate care.
