Description

Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by your adrenal glands (small glands located above each kidney) and regulated by your pituitary gland and the hypothalamus in the brain. Known as the “stress hormone”, cortisol rises in response to physical or emotional stress—but its role in the body goes far beyond stress management.

Key Functions of Cortisol

1. Metabolism Regulation

  • Helps convert proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into usable energy.
  • Plays a role in controlling appetite and influencing body weight.

2. Blood Sugar Control

  • Increases glucose production in the liver to ensure your body has enough energy during times of stress.
  • Works with insulin to help maintain stable blood sugar levels.

3. Blood Pressure Regulation

  • Helps maintain blood vessel tone and the body’s ability to respond to blood pressure changes.
  • Supports the cardiovascular system in stressful situations.

4. Immune System Modulation

  • Reduces inflammation after injury or illness.
  • Helps prevent the immune system from overreacting, which can cause autoimmune issues.

5. Stress Response

  • Triggers a “fight-or-flight” readiness by mobilizing energy, sharpening focus, and increasing reaction speed.
  • Balances mood and emotional stability during challenging situations.

6. Electrolyte and Fluid Balance

  • Works with other hormones (like aldosterone) to maintain sodium and potassium balance, which affects hydration and muscle function.

7. Sleep-Wake Cycle Support

  • Follows a daily rhythm—highest in the morning to help you wake up, lowest at night to help you sleep.

Why Cortisol Testing Is Important

Cortisol testing can help detect:

  • Low Cortisol (Adrenal Insufficiency / Addison’s Disease) – May cause fatigue, muscle weakness, low blood pressure, weight loss, and dizziness.
  • High Cortisol (Cushing’s Syndrome/Disease) – May cause weight gain (especially around the abdomen and face), high blood pressure, high blood sugar, thinning skin, and mood changes.

It can also help assess chronic stress impact, pituitary disorders, or conditions affecting metabolism and immunity.

Fasting: Not required.

Best Time to Test: Morning hours are recommended for the most accurate baseline reading, as cortisol levels peak early in the day.