Description

The EBV IgG/IgM Blood Panel measures antibodies in your blood to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the virus responsible for infectious mononucleosis (mono). It helps determine whether a person has a current, past, or reactivated EBV infection.

Components of the Test:

  • EBV IgM Antibodies:
  • Appear early during acute infection.
  • Typically detectable within 1–2 weeks of exposure and may last for a few months.
  • A positive IgM suggests a recent or current EBV infection.
  • EBV IgG Antibodies:
  • Develop later, usually 2–4 weeks after infection.
  • Remain detectable for life, indicating past exposure or immunity.
  • High IgG levels may indicate reactivation if IgM is also present.

Why the Test Is Ordered:

  • To diagnose mono or EBV-related illnesses.
  • To distinguish between acute, past, or reactivated EBV infections.
  • To evaluate causes of persistent fatigue, fever, sore throat, or swollen lymph nodes.
  • To investigate EBV in immunocompromised patients or before certain treatments.

Symptoms That May Prompt Testing:

  • Fatigue, weakness, or malaise
  • Fever and sore throat
  • Swollen lymph nodes (neck, armpits)
  • Enlarged spleen or liver
  • Headache or body aches

Clinical Notes:

  • Interpretation requires both IgM and IgG results to determine infection status.
  • A positive IgM with or without IgG usually indicates recent infection.
  • A positive IgG and negative IgM typically indicates past infection.

Preparation:

  • Fasting not required.
  • Avoid biotin supplements prior to testing.