Description

The Erythropoietin (EPO) Blood Test measures the level of erythropoietin, a hormone primarily produced by the kidneys that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

Purpose of the Test:

  • To evaluate anemia and determine whether it is caused by insufficient EPO production or other factors.
  • To assess polycythemia (high red blood cell count) and differentiate between primary (bone marrow-related) and secondary (EPO-driven) causes.
  • To monitor patients receiving EPO therapy for anemia, especially in chronic kidney disease or chemotherapy.

Clinical Uses:

  • Anemia Evaluation: Low EPO levels may indicate anemia due to kidney disease or chronic disease.
  • Polycythemia Assessment: High EPO levels may indicate secondary polycythemia, caused by low oxygen levels (e.g., lung disease, heart disease) or tumors producing EPO.
  • Therapy Monitoring: Ensures that EPO-stimulating drugs are effective and safe.

Preparation & Collection:

  • Blood is drawn via venipuncture.
  • Fasting is not required.
  • Avoid strenuous exercise and high-altitude exposure immediately before testing, as these can affect EPO levels.

Clinical Interpretation:

  • Low EPO + anemia: Suggests kidney-related anemia or anemia of chronic disease.
  • High EPO + anemia: Suggests secondary causes, such as hypoxia or blood loss.
  • High EPO + high red blood cell count: May indicate tumor-induced EPO production.