Description
The Hemoglobin Electrophoresis Blood Test is a specialized blood test that measures the levels and types of hemoglobin in your red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the protein responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. This test can detect abnormal hemoglobin variants that may cause anemia or other blood disorders.
Purpose of the Test
- Detect hemoglobinopathies: Identifies abnormal hemoglobins such as Hemoglobin S, C, D, E, and F, which are linked to conditions like:
- Sickle cell disease – a genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to become crescent-shaped, leading to pain, anemia, and organ damage
- Hemoglobin C disease – can cause mild anemia and an enlarged spleen
- Hemoglobin S/C disease – a combination of the two hemoglobins, which may cause moderate disease symptoms
- Diagnose thalassemias: Can detect alpha- and beta-thalassemia, which are genetic conditions resulting in reduced hemoglobin production and anemia
- Screen carriers: Useful for identifying individuals who carry abnormal hemoglobin genes but may not have symptoms
- Guide treatment decisions: Helps healthcare providers monitor and manage patients with anemia, chronic hemolysis, or other red blood cell disorders
How the Test Works
- A blood sample is collected and hemoglobin is separated based on its electrical charge using electrophoresis
- Different types of hemoglobin migrate at different rates, allowing for detection and quantification
- Results show the percentage of each hemoglobin type in the blood, helping to identify both disease and carrier states
Fasting not required.
