Description

The Parvovirus B19 Blood Test detects antibodies in your blood to determine if you have a current or past infection with Parvovirus B19, the virus responsible for Fifth Disease, a common childhood rash illness.

What the Test Measures

  • IgM antibodies: Appear soon after infection and indicate a recent or current infection.
  • IgG antibodies: Develop a few weeks after infection and indicate past exposure and immunity.

Why It’s Done

  • To confirm recent or past Parvovirus B19 infection.
  • To assess immunity in pregnant women, since infection during pregnancy can pose risks to the fetus.
  • To evaluate unexplained anemia or joint pain, which can sometimes be caused by the virus.
  • To help diagnose Fifth Disease in children presenting with a slapped-cheek rash or mild flu-like symptoms.

Symptoms of Parvovirus B19 Infection

  • Rash on the face, arms, or legs (especially in children)
  • Fever
  • Fatigue
  • Joint pain or swelling (more common in adults)
  • Mild cold-like symptoms

Test Details

  • Specimen: Blood sample
  • Fasting: Not required
  • Results:
  • Positive IgM indicates recent infection
  • Positive IgG indicates past infection and immunity
  • Negative results suggest no prior exposure

This test is useful for diagnosing current infection, confirming immunity, and protecting at-risk populations, especially pregnant women and individuals with weakened immune systems.