Description
Test Method: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) Fasting: Not required
Overview
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted through the bite of an infected blacklegged (deer) tick. It is most commonly reported in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Upper Midwest regions of the United States, but cases can occur anywhere.
Early identification is important, as untreated Lyme disease can progress and affect multiple body systems, including the joints, nervous system, and heart.
Symptoms of Lyme Disease
Symptoms may vary by stage and may appear days to weeks after a tick bite.
Early Symptoms
- Red, painless rash that may resemble a bull’s-eye (erythema migrans)
- Fever
- Headache
- Fatigue and generalized tiredness
- Muscle aches
- Joint pain
Neurologic & Musculoskeletal Symptoms
- Stiff neck
- Migratory pain affecting tendons, muscles, joints, and bones
- Nerve pain or tingling
- Inflammation of the brain or spinal cord (neuroborreliosis)
Cardiac Symptoms
- Heart palpitations
- Irregular heartbeat
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
Test Description
The Lyme Disease ELISA is a blood test that detects antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Borrelia burgdorferi infection.
- Commonly used as a first-line screening test
- Helps identify exposure to the Lyme bacteria
- Positive or equivocal results may require confirmatory testing per standard clinical guidelines
Who Should Consider Testing
- Individuals with symptoms consistent with Lyme disease
- Patients with a known or suspected tick bite
- Those with unexplained joint pain, fatigue, or neurologic symptoms
- Individuals living in or traveling to endemic regions
- Patients with persistent symptoms without a clear diagnosis
Important Notes
- Antibodies may take time to develop; very early infection may not be detected
- Results should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical symptoms and exposure history
- This test does not require fasting
