Description

The Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) with Pattern test detects autoantibodies directed against components within neutrophils, a type of white blood cell. These antibodies are associated with certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, particularly forms of vasculitis that affect small and medium-sized blood vessels.

In addition to determining whether ANCA antibodies are present, this test identifies the staining pattern observed under the microscope. The pattern can provide important diagnostic information and help guide further testing and evaluation.

Who Should Consider This Test?

This test may be helpful for individuals with:

  • Unexplained inflammation
  • Chronic sinus problems or recurrent sinus infections
  • Persistent cough or coughing up blood
  • Shortness of breath
  • Kidney inflammation or unexplained kidney dysfunction
  • Skin rashes suggestive of vasculitis
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Joint pain and muscle aches
  • Suspected autoimmune vasculitis

Understanding ANCA Patterns

C-ANCA (Cytoplasmic Pattern)

  • Most commonly associated with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (formerly Wegener's granulomatosis)
  • Often associated with antibodies directed against proteinase-3 (PR3)

P-ANCA (Perinuclear Pattern)

  • Commonly associated with microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  • Often associated with antibodies directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO)

Atypical ANCA

  • May be seen in inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune liver disease, and other autoimmune conditions

Understanding Your Results

Positive Result

  • May indicate the presence of an autoimmune vasculitis or other autoimmune disorder
  • Should be interpreted alongside symptoms, physical findings, and additional laboratory testing
  • Often leads to follow-up testing for MPO and PR3 antibodies

Negative Result

  • Makes ANCA-associated vasculitis less likely
  • Does not completely exclude autoimmune disease

Related Testing

ANCA testing is often ordered along with:

  • MPO (Myeloperoxidase) Antibodies
  • PR3 (Proteinase-3) Antibodies
  • ANA Testing
  • Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
  • C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
  • Complement Levels (C3 and C4)

Specimen

Blood Draw Required

Fasting Requirements

Fasting is Not Required