Description

The Peanut Allergy IgE Blood Test is a diagnostic tool used to determine whether an individual has an allergy to peanuts. It measures the levels of peanut-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies in the blood, which the immune system produces in response to peanut proteins it mistakenly identifies as harmful.

This test is particularly valuable for diagnosing true peanut allergy, assessing the risk of allergic reaction, and identifying potential cross-reactivities with other allergens.

Purpose of the Test:

  • Diagnose peanut allergy in individuals experiencing allergic symptoms after peanut exposure.
  • Identify specific allergenic proteins in peanuts that trigger an immune response.
  • Evaluate cross-reactivity in patients allergic to legumes or tree nuts.
  • Confirm sensitization before initiating immunotherapy or performing food challenges.

How the Test Works:

  1. Immune Sensitization
  2. The body’s immune system identifies peanut proteins as harmful and produces IgE antibodies in response.
  3. Blood Sample Collection
  4. A small blood sample is drawn and analyzed using immunoassay techniques to detect the presence and level of peanut-specific IgE antibodies.
  5. Results Interpretation
  • Elevated IgE levels suggest sensitization and a higher likelihood of clinical peanut allergy.
  • May lead to further evaluation through component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) to assess reaction risk to specific peanut proteins like Ara h 1, Ara h 2, Ara h 3, etc., which are linked to more severe reactions.

Common Symptoms of Peanut Allergy:

  • Hives, swelling of lips or face
  • Itchy throat or mouth
  • Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting
  • Wheezing, shortness of breath
  • Anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that can cause difficulty breathing and drop in blood pressure

Important Notes:

  • A positive IgE test indicates sensitization, but not always a clinical allergy. Some individuals may test positive and tolerate peanuts without symptoms.
  • Further evaluation by an allergist may include oral food challenges or component testing.
  • Peanut allergy is often lifelong, and even trace amounts can cause serious reactions in sensitive individuals.

Fasting Requirements:

  • Fasting is not required for this test.
  • The test can be done at any time of day.