Description

The Prolactin Blood Test measures the amount of prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland. Prolactin plays a major role in breast development, milk production, and reproductive function. While it’s most well-known for its function during pregnancy and lactation, abnormally high or low prolactin levels can indicate hormone-related disorders in both women and men.

This test helps assess causes of menstrual irregularities, infertility, low sex drive, or unexplained nipple discharge and is often used in combination with other sex hormone testing.

Purpose of the Test

  • Identify pituitary gland disorders or tumors (prolactinomas)
  • Evaluate infertility or irregular periods in women
  • Assess low libido or erectile dysfunction in men
  • Investigate galactorrhea (abnormal breast discharge not related to pregnancy)
  • Monitor the effectiveness of treatment for high prolactin levels

Who Should Consider This Test?

In Women:

  • Irregular or absent menstrual periods
  • Difficulty getting pregnant
  • Unexpected breast discharge
  • Symptoms of estrogen imbalance or PCOS

In Men:

  • Low testosterone or unexplained low libido
  • Erectile dysfunction
  • Breast enlargement (gynecomastia)
  • Pituitary symptoms such as headaches or vision changes

What the Test Measures

  • Prolactin (Serum Level):
  • Elevated prolactin can suppress the production of other sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, leading to reproductive and metabolic symptoms.

Common Conditions Linked to Abnormal Prolactin Levels

  • High Prolactin (Hyperprolactinemia):
  • Pituitary tumors (prolactinomas)
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
  • Medication side effects (antidepressants, antipsychotics)
  • Low Prolactin (Rare):
  • May indicate pituitary insufficiency or be a sign of general hormone suppression.

Fasting Required?

No fasting required.