Description
The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Free and Total Blood Test measures both total PSA and free PSA levels in the blood. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland, and elevated levels may indicate prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), or prostate inflammation (prostatitis).
Measuring both free and total PSA improves diagnostic accuracy and helps differentiate between cancerous and non-cancerous prostate conditions, making it a valuable tool for routine screening and risk assessment in men over 40 or those with a family history of prostate issues.
Purpose of the Test
- Screen for prostate cancer
- Evaluate causes of elevated PSA levels
- Differentiate between benign and malignant prostate conditions
- Monitor prostate health in men with BPH, prostatitis, or a history of prostate cancer
- Track response to treatment or post-surgical follow-up
Who Should Consider This Test?
- Men age 40 and older (especially those with a family history of prostate cancer)
- Men experiencing urinary symptoms such as:
- Frequent or difficult urination
- Weak urine stream
- Pelvic discomfort
- Those undergoing prostate cancer treatment or surveillance
- Men who want a baseline PSA level for future comparison
What the Test Measures
- Total PSA: The overall amount of PSA in the blood
- Free PSA: The portion of PSA not bound to proteins in the blood
- Free-to-Total PSA Ratio: Helps distinguish between cancer and benign conditions when total PSA levels are moderately elevated
A lower percentage of free PSA may suggest a higher risk of prostate cancer and may prompt further diagnostic evaluation.
Common Conditions Associated with Elevated PSA
- Prostate Cancer
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Prostatitis (Prostate Inflammation)
- Urinary tract infections
- Recent ejaculation or prostate stimulation
Fasting Required?
No fasting required, but avoid ejaculation and vigorous exercise 24 hours before testing for most accurate results.
