Description

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes continuous inflammation and ulceration of the colon and rectum. The condition affects the innermost lining of the large intestine and typically develops over time. While the exact cause is unknown, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. UC can significantly impact quality of life and may lead to complications if left untreated.

Common Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis

  • Abdominal pain
  • Bloody or mucous diarrhea
  • Urgent need to defecate, even if the bowel is empty (tenesmus)
  • Fever
  • Joint pain and swelling
  • Mouth ulcers
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Skin rashes, lumps, or ulcers

These symptoms may vary in intensity and often come and go in cycles of flare-ups and remission.

Included Biomarkers in This Panel

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

A biomarker of systemic inflammation, produced by the liver in response to inflammation.

  • Clinical relevance: Elevated CRP levels may indicate active disease or flare-ups in UC and are useful in monitoring inflammatory activity.

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP-14)

Provides a broad assessment of electrolytes, liver and kidney function, and metabolic balance.

  • Clinical relevance: UC patients may experience electrolyte imbalances (due to diarrhea), malnutrition, or liver involvement (e.g., primary sclerosing cholangitis), which can be reflected in CMP biomarkers.

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Measures red and white blood cells and platelets, providing insight into blood-related abnormalities.

  • Clinical relevance: Common findings in UC include:
  • Anemia, due to chronic bleeding or poor iron/B12 absorption
  • Leukocytosis, a sign of infection or inflammation
  • Thrombocytosis, often associated with inflammatory states

p-ANCA (Perinuclear Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies)

An autoantibody biomarker often associated with ulcerative colitis.

  • Clinical relevance: A positive p-ANCA result can help differentiate UC from Crohn’s disease and supports an autoimmune component in disease pathology.

Vitamin B12 and Folate

These are critical micronutrient biomarkers required for red blood cell production and neurological health.

  • Clinical relevance: Deficiencies may arise from malabsorption or dietary restrictions and can contribute to fatigue, neuropathy, and anemia.

Fasting Requirements:

  • Fasting: Not required for this panel.

Purpose of the Panel:

This blood panel is designed to:

  • Detect inflammation and assess the severity of disease activity
  • Identify nutritional deficiencies and anemia
  • Evaluate liver and kidney function in the context of chronic illness or complications
  • Support differential diagnosis between UC and other forms of IBD using autoantibody markers