Description

Cytokeratin 19 fragment, commonly referred to as CYFRA 21-1, is a protein fragment released from epithelial cells, particularly when these cells are damaged or undergoing abnormal growth. It is widely used as a tumor marker to help monitor and manage certain cancers.

Purpose:

  • Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): CYFRA 21-1 is one of the most reliable markers for NSCLC. Elevated levels can indicate tumor burden, disease progression, or recurrence. Monitoring changes over time helps assess treatment effectiveness and predict prognosis.
  • Other Epithelial Cancers: This marker can also be elevated in cancers of the breast, head and neck, and gynecological system. While not used for initial diagnosis, it aids in tracking disease progression and response to therapy.
  • Treatment Monitoring: Serial measurements can help determine if a cancer treatment—such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy—is reducing tumor activity. Rising levels may signal relapse or ineffective therapy.
  • Prognostic Information: Higher baseline levels of CYFRA 21-1 in cancer patients have been associated with more aggressive disease and poorer outcomes, making it a valuable tool for risk stratification.

How it Works:

CYFRA 21-1 is released into the bloodstream from damaged or malignant epithelial cells. The test measures its concentration in the blood, providing insight into tumor activity. It is often used alongside imaging studies and other tumor markers for comprehensive cancer monitoring.

Fasting: Not required.