Description

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose). Its incidence is rising rapidly, making ongoing monitoring critical for those diagnosed and those at risk. Managing diabetes effectively requires much more than just tracking glucose levels—it involves assessing the health of other body systems that are often affected over time.

This comprehensive panel evaluates key biomarkers that can help detect complications early, guide treatment decisions, and reduce the risk of long-term health issues. The American Diabetes Association recommends routine testing every 3 to 6 months for individuals with diabetes to monitor disease progression and adjust management strategies accordingly.

Biomarkers Included in This Panel

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

  • Evaluates overall health by measuring red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets.
  • Identifies conditions such as anemia, infections, or inflammation, which can complicate diabetes or its management.

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP-14)

  • Measures glucose, kidney and liver function, and electrolyte balance.
  • Monitors for signs of diabetic nephropathy (kidney damage), electrolyte imbalances, and hepatic (liver) function, especially if taking medications that can affect the liver.

Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

  • Reflects average blood sugar levels over the past 2–3 months.
  • A primary test for diagnosing and monitoring diabetes control.
  • An HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher typically indicates diabetes.

Lipid Panel

  • Measures total cholesterol, HDL (good cholesterol), LDL (bad cholesterol), and triglycerides.
  • Diabetics are at higher risk for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, making lipid monitoring essential to prevent heart attacks and strokes.

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

  • Evaluates thyroid function.
  • Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can both affect blood sugar control and are more common in people with type 1 diabetes.
  • Ensures that thyroid disorders are not contributing to fatigue, weight gain/loss, or altered metabolism.

Fasting Instructions

  • Fasting is recommended (usually 8–12 hours) to ensure accurate measurements of glucose and lipid levels.
  • Water is permitted during fasting, but no food, drinks (other than water), or medications that impact blood sugar or lipids should be consumed unless advised by a healthcare provider.

Clinical Relevance

This panel offers a broad snapshot of a patient's metabolic and endocrine health and is particularly helpful for:

  • Diagnosing diabetes and its type
  • Monitoring disease progression
  • Preventing complications like kidney damage, heart disease, or thyroid dysfunction
  • Tailoring treatments, including insulin therapy, diet changes, or medication adjustments